Terms and Conditions
1. Interpretation
1.1 Definitions. In these conditions, the following definitions apply:
Business Day: a day (other than a Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday) when banks in London are open for business.
Commencement Date: has the meaning set out in clause 2.2.
Conditions: these terms and conditions as amended from time to time in accordance with clause 15.8.
Contract: the contract between the supplier and the customer for the supply of goods and/or services in accordance with these conditions.
Customer: the person or firm who purchases the goods and/or services from the supplier.
Deliverables: the deliverables set out in the order.
Delivery Location: has the meaning set out in clause 4.2
Force Majeure Event: has the meaning given to it in clause 15.1(a).
Goods: the goods (or any part of them) set out in the order.
Quotation: any quote and/or specification for the goods, including any relevant plans or drawings, that is agreed by the customer and the supplier and which shall include as appropriate the Order and Services Specification.
Intellectual Property Rights: all patents, rights to inventions, utility models, copyright and related rights, trademarks, service marks, trade, business and domain names, rights in trade dress or get-up, rights in goodwill or to sue for passing off, unfair competition rights, rights in designs, rights in computer software, database right, topography rights, moral rights, rights in confidential information (including know-how and trade secrets) and any other intellectual property rights, in each case whether registered or unregistered and including all applications for and renewals or extensions of such rights, and similar or equivalent rights or forms of protection in any part of the world.
Order: The customers order for the supply of goods and/or services, as set out in the customers written acceptance of the quotation or payment of any deposit.
Services: the services, including the deliverables, supplied by the supplier to the customer as set out in the Service Specification.
Service Specification: the description or specification for the services provided in writing by the supplier to the customer.
Supplier: Angelos KBB LTD registered in England and Wales with company number 11414655.
Supplier Materials: has the meaning set out in clause 8.1 (g)
1.2 Construction. In these conditions, the following rules apply:
(a) A person includes a natural person, corporate or unincorporated body (whether or not having separate legal personality);
(b) A reference to a party includes its personal representatives, successors or permitted assigns.
(c) A reference to a statue or statutory provision is a reference to such statute or statutory provision as amended or re-enacted. A reference to a statute or statutory provision includes any subordinate legislation made under that statute or statutory provision, as amended or re-enacted.
(d) Any phrase introduced by the terms including, include, or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words preceding those terms; and
(e) A reference to writing or written includes faxes and e-mails.
2. Basis of contract
2.1 The order constitutes an offer by the customer to purchase goods and/or services in accordance with these conditions.
2.2 The order shall only be deemed to be accepted when the customer has signed the quotation and paid an initial deposit at which point, and on which date the contract shall come into existence (commencement date).
2.3 The contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties. The customer acknowledges that it has not relied on any statement, promise or representation made or given by or on behalf of the supplier which is not set out in the contract.
2.4 Any samples, drawings, descriptive matter or advertising issued by the supplier and any descriptions of the goods or illustrations or descriptions of the services contained in the supplier’s catalogues or brochures are issued or published for the sole purpose of giving an approximate idea of the services and/or goods described in them. They shall not form part of the contract or have any contractual force.
2.5 Theses conditions apply to the contract to the exclusion of any other terms that the customer seeks to impose or incorporate, or which are implied by trade, custom, practice or course of dealing.
2.6 Any quotation given by the supplier shall not constitute an offer and is only valid for a period of 30 business days from its date of issue.
2.7 All of these conditions shall apply to the supply of both goods and services except where application to one or the other is specified.
3.Goods
3.1 The goods are described in the quotation.
3.2 To the extent that the goods are to be supplied in accordance with a specification supplied by the customer, the customer shall indemnify the supplier against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses (including any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties and legal and other reasonable professional costs and expenses) suffered or incurred by the supplier in connection with any claim made against the supplier for actual or alleged infringement of a third party’s intellectual property rights arising out of or in connection with the suppliers use of the quotation. This clause 3.2 shall survive termination of the contract.
3.3 The supplier reserves the right to amend the quotation if required by any applicable statutory or regulatory requirements.
4. Delivery of Goods
4.1 The supplier shall ensure that
(a) if the supplier requires the customer to return any packaging material to the supplier, that fact is clearly stated on the delivery note. The customer shall make any such packaging materials available for collection at such times as the supplier shall reasonably request. Returns of packaging materials shall be at the supplier’s expense.
4.2 The supplier shall deliver the goods to the location set out in the quotation or such other location as the parties may agree (delivery location) at any time after the supplier notifies the customer that the goods are ready or if so agreed the customer shall collect the goods from the suppliers premises or such other location as may be advised by the supplier before delivery (delivery location) within 5 business days of the supplier notifying the customer that the goods are ready. Storage charges will apply after this time.
4.3 Delivery of the goods shall be completed on the goods arrival at the delivery location.
4.4 Any dates quoted for delivery of the goods are approximate only, and the time of delivery is not of the essence. The supplier shall not be liable for any delay in delivery of the goods that is caused by a force majeure event or the customers failure to provide the supplier with adequate delivery instructions or any other instructions that are relevant to the supply of the goods.
4.5 If the supplier fails to deliver the goods, its liability shall be limited to the costs and expenses incurred by the customer in obtaining replacement goods of similar description and quality in the cheapest market available, less the price of the goods. The supplier shall have no liability for any failure to deliver the goods to the extent that such failure is caused by a force majeure event the customers failure to provide the supplier with adequate delivery instructions for the goods or any relevant instruction related to the supply of the goods.
4.6 If the customer fails to accept or take delivery of the goods within ten business days of the supplier notifying the customer that the goods are ready, then except where such failure or delays is caused by a force majeure event or by the suppliers material failure to comply with its obligations under the contract in respect of the goods:
(a) delivery of the goods shall be deemed to have been completed at 9.00am on the fifth business day following the day on which the supplier notified the customer that the goods were ready; and
(b) the supplier shall store the goods until five business days after deemed delivery takes place and charge the customer for all related costs and expenses (including insurance)
4.7 If ten business days after the supplier notified the customer that the goods were ready for delivery the customer has not accepted or taken delivery of them, the supplier may resell or otherwise dispose of part or all goods.
4.8 The customer shall not be entitled to reject the goods if the supplier delivers up to and including 5 per cent more or less than the quantity of goods ordered, but a pro-rata adjustment shall be made to the order invoice on receipt of notice from the customer that the wrong quantity of goods was delivered.
4.9 The supplier may deliver the goods by instalments, which shall be invoiced and paid for separately. Each instalment shall constitute a separate contract. Any delay in delivery or defect in an instalment shall not entitle the customer to cancel any other instalment.
5. Quality of Goods
5.1 The manufacturer warrants that on delivery, and for a period of 12 months from the date of delivery (warranty period), the goods shall:
(a) conform in all material respects with their description or the quotation.
(b) be free from material defects in design, materials and workmanship.
(c) be of satisfactory quality (within the meaning of the Sale of Goods Act 1979).
5.2 Subject to clause 5.3, if:
(a) the customer gives notice in writing during the warranty period within a reasonable time of discovery that some or all of the goods do not comply with the warranty set out in cause 5.1; and
(b) the supplier is given a reasonable opportunity of examining such goods.
The supplier (if acting reasonably it agrees with the customer and subject to clause 5.3) shall, at its option, repair or replace the defective goods.
5.3 The supplier shall not be liable for the goods’ failure to comply with the warranty in clause 5.1 if:
(a) the defect arises because the customer failed to follow the supplier’s oral or written instructions as to the storage, installation, commissioning, use or maintenance of the goods or (if there are none) good trade practice.
(b) The defect arises as a result of the supplier following any drawing, design or quotation supplied by the customer.
(c) The customer alters or repairs such goods without the written consent of the supplier.
(d) The defect arises as a result of fair wear and tear, wilful damage, negligence, or abnormal working conditions.
(e) The goods differ from the quotation as a result of changes made to ensure they comply with applicable statutory or regulatory standards.
5.4 Except as provided in this clause 5, the supplier shall have no liability to the customer in respect of the goods’ failure to comply with the warranty set out in clause 5.1.
5.5 The terms of these conditions shall apply to any repaired or replacement goods supplied by the supplier under clause 5.2.
6. Title and risk
6.1 The risk in the goods shall pass to the customer on completion of delivery.
6.2 Title to the goods shall not pass to the customer until the supplier has received payment in full (in cash or cleared funds) for:
(a) the goods; and
(b) any other goods that the supplier has supplied to the customer in respect of which payment has become due.
6.3 After delivery but until title to the goods has passed to the customer, the customer shall:
(a) hold the goods on a fiduciary basis as the supplier’s bailee.
(b) store the goods so that they remain readily identifiable as the supplier’s property.
(c) not remove, deface or obscure any identifying mark or packaging on or relating to the goods.
(d) maintain the goods in satisfactory condition and keep them insured against all risk for their full price on the supplier’s behalf from the date of delivery.
(e) notify the supplier immediately if it becomes subject to any of the events listed in clause 13.1(b) to clause 13.1(l): and
(f) give the supplier such material information relating to the goods as the supplier may reasonably require from time to time.
6.4 If before title to the goods passes to the customer the customer becomes subject to any of the events listed in clause 13.1(b) to clause 13.1(l), or the supplier reasonably believes that any such event is about to happen and notifies the customer accordingly, then, provided the goods have not been resold, or irrevocably incorporated into another product, and without limiting any other right or remedy the supplier may have, the supplier may at any time require the customer to deliver up the goods and, if the customer fails to do so promptly, enter any premises of the customer or of any third party where the goods are stored in order to recover them.
7. Supply of services
7.1 The supplier shall provide the services to the customer in accordance with the quotation in all material respects.
7.2 The supplier shall use all reasonable endeavours to meet any performance dates for the services specified in the quotation, but any such dates shall be estimates only and shall not be of the essence for the performance of the services.
7.3 The supplier shall have the right to make any changes to the services which are necessary to comply with any applicable law or safety requirement, or which do not materially affect the nature or quality of the services, and the supplier shall notify the customer in any such event.
7.4 The supplier warrants to the customer that the services will be provided using reasonable care and skill.
8. Customer’s obligations
8.1 The customer shall:
(a) ensure that the terms of the order and (if submitted by the customer) the quotation are complete and accurate.
(b) co-operate with the supplier in all matters relating to the services.
(c) provide the supplier, its employees, agents, consultants and subcontractors, with access to the customers premises, office accommodation and other facilities as reasonably required by the supplier to provide the services.
(d) provide the supplier with such information and materials as the supplier may reasonably require supplying the services and ensure that such information is accurate in all material respects.
(e) prepare the customers premises for the supply of the services.
(f) obtain and maintain all necessary licences, permissions and consents which may be required for the services before the date on which the services are to start.
(g) keep and maintain all materials, equipment, documents and other property of the supplier (supplier materials) at the customers premises in safe custody at its own risk, maintain the suppliers materials in good condition until returned to the supplier, and not dispose of or use the supplier materials other than in accordance with the suppliers written instructions or authorisation.
8.2 If the supplier’s performance of any of its obligations in respect of the services is prevented or delayed by any act or omission by the customer or failure by the customer to perform any relevant obligation (customer default):
(a) the supplier shall without limiting its other rights or remedies have the right to suspend performance of the service until the customer remedies the customer default, and to rely on the customer default to relieve it from the performance of any of its obligations to the extent the customer default prevents or delays the suppliers performance of any of its obligations;
(b) the supplier shall not be liable for any costs or losses sustained or incurred by the customer arising directly or indirectly from the supplier’s failure or delay to preform any of its obligations as set out in this clause 8.2; and
(c) the customer shall reimburse the supplier on written demand for any costs or losses sustained or incurred by the supplier arising directly or indirectly from the customer default.
9. Charges and payment
9.1 The price for goods and services shall be the price set out in the services specification or, if no price is quoted, the price set out in the suppliers published price list as at the date of delivery. Unless otherwise specified the price of the goods is exclusive of all costs and charges of packaging, insurance, transport of the goods, which shall be paid by the customer when it pays for the goods.
9.2 In the event that charges for services shall be on a time and materials basis unless otherwise confirmed in writing:
(a) the charges shall be calculated in accordance with the supplier’s standard daily fee rates, as set out in writing.
(b) the suppliers standard daily fee rates for each individual person are calculated on the basis of an eight-hour day from 8.00am to 5.00pm worked on business days which shall include travel and collection time.
(c) the supplier shall be entitled to charge an additional charge for work outside of the hours referred to in clause 9.2(b); and
(d) the supplier shall be entitled to charge the customer for any expenses incurred by the individuals whom the supplier engages in connection with the services including, but not limited to, travelling expenses, hotel costs, subsistence and any associated expenses, and for the cost of services provided by third parties and required by the supplier for the performance of the services, and for the cost of any materials.
9.3 The supplier reserves the right to:
(a) increase its standards daily fee rates for the charges for the services, provided that such charges cannot be increased more than once in any 12-month period. The supplier will give the customer written notice of any such increase one month before the proposed date of the increase. If such increase is not acceptable to the customer, it shall notify the supplier in writing within two weeks of the date of the suppliers notice and the supplier shall have the right without limiting its other rights or remedies to terminate the contract by giving two weeks written notice to the customer; and
(b) increase the price of the goods, by giving notice to the customer at any time before delivery, to reflect any increase in the cost of the goods to the supplier that is due to:
(i) any factor beyond the control of the supplier (including foreign exchange fluctuations, increases in taxes and duties, and increases in labour, materials and other manufacturing costs);
(ii) any request by the customer to change the delivery date(s), quantities or types of goods ordered, or the quotation; or
(iii) any delay caused by any instructions of the customer in respect of the goods or failure of the customer to give the supplier adequate or accurate information or instructions in respect of the goods.
9.4 In respect of goods, the supplier shall invoice the customer on or at any time after completion of delivery. In respect of services, the supplier shall invoice the customer as agreed.
9.5 The customer (including for the avoidance of doubt all account customers) shall pay each invoice submitted by the supplier:
(a) within 30 days of the date of the invoice; and unless stated otherwise.
(b) in full and in cleared funds to a bank account nominated in writing by the supplier, and time for payment shall be of the essence of the contact.
9.6 All amounts payable by the customer under the contract are exclusive of amounts in respect of value added tax chargeable from time to time (VAT). Where any taxable supply for VAT purposed is made under the contract by the supplier to the customer, the customer shall, on receipt of a valid VAT invoice from the supplier, pay to the supplier such additional amounts in respect of VAT as are chargeable on the supply of the services or goods at the same time as payment is due for the supply of the services or goods.
9.7 Without limiting any other right or remedy of the supplier, if the customer fails to make any payment due to the supplier under the contract by the due date for payment (due date), the supplier shall have the right to charge interest on the overdue amount at the rate of 5 percent per annum above the then current Barclays Bank base rate accruing on a daily basis from the due date until the date of actual payment of the overdue amount, whether before or after judgement, and compounding quarterly.
9.8 The customer shall pay all amounts due under the contract in full without any deduction or withholding except as required by law and the customer shall not be entitled to assert any credit, set-off or counterclaim against the supplier in order to justify withholding payment of any such amount in whole or in part. The supplier may, without limiting its other rights or remedies, set off any amount owing to it by the customer against any amount payable by the supplier to the customer.
9.9 Notwithstanding anything in these terms the supplier may at its sole discretion request payment on account of any charges and may refrain from placing orders or as applicable cease work until such payment on account has been made.
9.10 The payment scheme for goods and/or services shall be as follows:
9.10.1 an initial deposit on acceptance of the quotation.
9.10.2 in respect of the balance due on goods not less than ten business day before delivery or installation.
9.10.3 in respect of the sum attributable to installation work immediately on substantial completion of the quotation.
Save that the customer acting reasonably may retain up to 10% of the installation charge if items listed in the quotation remain to be supplied fitted or installed on substantial completion of the quotation.
10. Intellectual property rights
10.1 All intellectual property rights if any in or airing out of or in connection with the services shall be owned by the supplier.
10.2 The customer acknowledges that, in respect of any third party intellectual property rights in the services, the customers use of any such intellectual property rights is conditional on the supplier obtaining a written license from the relevant licensor on such terms as will entitle the supplier to license such rights to the customer.
10.3 All supplier materials are the exclusive property of the supplier.
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12. Limitation of liability: THE CUSTOMERS ATTENTION IS PARTICULARLY DRAWN TO THIS CLAUSE
12.1 Nothing in these conditions shall limit or exclude the supplier’s liability for:
(a) death or personal injury caused by its negligence, or the negligence of its employees, agents or subcontractors.
(b) fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation.
(c) breach of the terms implied by section 2 of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (title and quiet possession):
(d) breach of the terms implied by section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (title and quiet possession);
(e) defective products under the Consumer Protection Act 1987.
12.2 Subject to clause 12.1:
(a) the supplier shall under no circumstances whatever be liable to the customer, whether in contact, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, or otherwise, for any loss of profit, or any indirect or consequential loss arising under or in connection with the contract; and
(b) the supplier’s total liability to the customer in respect of all other losses arising under or in connection with the contract, whether in contract, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, or otherwise, shall in no circumstances exceed the purchase price.
12.3 Except as set out in these conditions, all warranties, conditions and other terms implied by statute or common law are, to the fullest extent permitted by law, excluded from the contract.
12.4 This clause 12 shall survive termination of the contract.
13. Termination
13.1 Without limiting its other rights or remedies, each party may terminate the contract with immediate effect by giving written notice to the other party if:
(a) the other party commits a material breach of its obligations under this contract and (if such breach is remediable) fails to remedy that breach within ten days after receipt of notice in writing of the breach.
(b) the other party suspends, or threatens to suspend, payments of its debts or is unable to pay its debts as they fall due or admits inability to pay its debts or (being a company) is deemed unable to pay its debts within the meaning of section 123 of the Insolvency Act 1986 or (being an individual) is deemed either unable to pay its debts or as having no reasonable prospect of so doing, in either case, within the meaning of section 268 of the Insolvency Act 1986 or (being a partnership) has any partner to whom any of the foregoing apply;
(c) the other party commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for or enters into a compromise or arrangement with its creditors other than (where a company) for the sole purpose of a scheme for a solvent amalgamation of that other party with one or more other companies or the solvent reconstruction of that other party;
(d) a petition is filed, a notice is given, a resolution is passed, or an order is made, for or in connection with the winding up of the other party (being a company) other than for the sole purpose of a scheme for a solvent amalgamation of the other party with one or more other companies or the solvent reconstruction of that other party;
(e) the other party (being an individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or order.
(f) a creditor or encumbrancer of the other party attaches or takes possession of, or a distress, execution, sequestration or other such process is levied or enforced on or sued against, the whole or any part of its assets and such attachment or process is not discharged within 14 days;
(g) an application is made to court, or an order is made, for the appointment of an administrator or if a notice of intention to appoint an administrator is given or if an administrator is appointed over the other party (being a company).
(h) a floating charge holder over the assets of the other party (being a company) has become entitled to appoint or has appointed an administrative receiver.
(i) a person becomes entitled to appoint a receiver over the asset of the other party or a receiver is appointed over the assets of the other party.
(j) any event occurs, or proceeding is taken, with respect to the other party in any jurisdiction to which it is subject that has an effect equivalent or similar to any of the events mentioned in clause 13.1(b) to clause
13.1(i) (inclusive);
(k) the other party suspends, threatens to suspend, ceases or threatens to cease to carry on, all or substantially the whole of its business; or
(l) the other party (being an individual) dies or, by reason of illness or incapacity (whether mental or physical), is incapable of managing his own affairs or becomes a patient under any mental health legislation.
Without limiting its other rights or remedies, the supplier may terminate the contract with immediate effect by giving written notice to the customer if the customer fails to pay any amount due under this contract on the due date for payment.
13.2 Without limiting its other rights or remedies, the supplier shall have the right to suspend the supply of services or all further deliveries of goods under the contract or any other contract between the customer and the supplier if:
(a) the customer fails to make pay any amount due under this contract on the due date for payment; or
(b) the customer becomes subject to any of the events listed in clause 13.1(b) to clause 13.1(l), or the supplier reasonably believes that the customer is about to become subject to any of them.
14. Consequences of termination
On termination of the contract for any reason:
(a) the customer shall immediately pay to the supplier all of the suppliers outstanding unpaid invoices and interest and, in respect of services supplied but for which no invoice has yet been submitted, the supplier shall submit an invoice, which shall be payable by the customer immediately on receipt;
(b) the customer shall return all the supplier’s materials and any deliverables which have not been fully paid for. If the customer fails to do so, then the supplier may enter the customers premises and take the possession of them. Until they have been returned, the customer shall be solely responsible for their safe keeping and will not use them for any purpose not connected with this contract.
(c) the accrued rights and remedies of the parties as at termination shall not be affected, including the right to claim damages in respect of any breach of the contract which existed at or before the date of termination or expiry; and
(d) clauses which expressly or by implication have effect after termination shall continue in full force effect.
15. General
15.1 Force majeure:
(a) for the purpose of this contract, force majeure event means an event beyond the reasonable control of the supplier including but not limited to strikes, lock-outs or other industrial disputes (whether involving the workforce of the party or any other party), failure of a utility service or transport network, act of god, war, riot, civil commotion, malicious damage, compliance with any law or governmental order, rule, regulation or direction, accident, breakdown of plant or machinery, fire, flood, storm or default of suppliers or subcontractors and covid-19.
(b) the supplier shall not be liable to the customer as a result of any delay or failure to perform its obligations under this contract as a result of a force majeure event.
(c) if the force majeure event prevents the supplier from providing any of the services and/or goods for more than four weeks, the supplier shall, without limiting its other rights or remedies, have the right to terminate this contract immediately by giving written notice to the customer.
15.2 Assignment and subcontracting:
(a) the supplier may at any time assign, transfer, charge, subcontract or deal in any other manner with all or any of its rights under the contract and may subcontract or delegate in any manner or all of its obligations under the contract to any third party.
(b) The customer shall not, without the prior written consent of the supplier, assign, transfer, charge, subcontract or deal in any other manner with all or any of its rights or obligations under the contract.
15.3 Notices:
(a) any notice or other communication required to be given to a party under or in connection with this contract shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the other party personally or sent by prepaid first-class post, recorded delivery or by commercial courier, at its registered office (if a company) or (in any other case) its principal place of business.
(b) any notice or other communication shall be deemed to have been duly received if delivered personally, when left at such address or, if sent by prepaid first-class post or recorded delivery, at 9.00am on the second business day after posting, or if delivered by commercial courier, on the date and at the time that the courier’s delivery receipt is signed.
(c) This clause 15.3 shall not apply to the service of any proceedings or other documents in any legal action. For the purpose of this clause, “writing” shall not include e-mails and for the avoidance of doubt notice given under this contract shall not be validly served if sent by e-mail.
15.4 Waiver and cumulative remedies:
(a) a waiver of any right under the contract is only effective if it is in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach or default. No failure or delay by a party in exercising any right or remedy under the contract or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor preclude or restrict its further exercise. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
(b) unless specifically provided otherwise, rights arising under the contract are cumulative and to not exclude rights provided by law.
15.5 Severance:
(a) if a court or any other competent authority finds that any provision of the contract (or part of any provision) is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that provision or part-provision shall, to the extent required, be deemed deleted, and the validity and enforceability of the other provisions of the contract shall not be affected.
(b) if any invalid, unenforceable or illegal provision of the contract would be valid, enforceable and legal if some part of it were deleted, the provision shall apply with the minimum modification necessary to make it legal, valid and enforceable.
15.6 No partnership: Nothing in the contact is intended to, or shall be deemed to, constitute a partnership or joint venture of any kind between any of the parties, nor constitute any party the agent of another party for any purpose. No party shall have authority to act as agent for, or to bind, the other party in any way.
15.7 Third parties: A person who is not a party to the contract shall not have any rights under or in connection with it.
15.8 Variation: Except as set out in these conditions, any variation, including the introduction of any additional terms and conditions, to the contract shall only be binding when agreed in writing and signed by the supplier.
Governing law and jurisdiction: This contract, and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with it or its subject matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims), shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, English law, and the parties irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.